- Key Measurements: Ensure a 5 cm gap between crutch pads and armpits to prevent nerve damage. Hand grips should align with hips, allowing a 20-30° elbow bend for stability.
- Types of Crutches:
- Underarm Crutches: Best for short-term use. Suitable for users 4’8" to 6’8". Ensure 2-3 finger widths between the armpit and crutch pad.
- Forearm Crutches: Ideal for long-term use. Fit users 5’0" to 6’2" with cuffs 1-2 inches below the elbow.
- Common Sizing Errors: Incorrect height or grip placement can lead to falls, wrist strain, or spinal issues.
- Maintenance Tips: Regularly check crutch tips, grips, and adjustment mechanisms to ensure safety and usability.
Quick Comparison
| Feature | Underarm Crutches | Forearm Crutches |
|---|---|---|
| User Height | 4’8" – 6’8" | 5’0" – 6’2" |
| Key Measurement | 2-3 fingers below armpit | 1-2 inches below elbow |
| Primary Use | Short-term recovery | Long-term mobility |
| Weight Capacity | Up to 300 lbs (standard) | 200-250 lbs |
Proper sizing and regular adjustments ensure crutches provide support without discomfort. Read on for step-by-step instructions and tips for maintaining your crutches.
Types of Crutches and Size Requirements
Underarm vs. Forearm Crutches
When choosing between underarm (axillary) and forearm (Lofstrand) crutches, understanding their differences is key to proper sizing. Underarm crutches are adjustable, with heights ranging from 48 to 60 inches, making them suitable for users between 4’8" and 6’8" . The axilla pad should sit 2-3 finger widths below your armpit to avoid nerve compression .
Forearm crutches, also called Canadian or Lofstrand crutches, are sized differently. These measure 29 to 35 inches from the handgrip to the floor and work for users between 5’0" and 6’2". The cuff should rest 1-2 inches below the bend of your elbow .
These structural differences influence their use and weight capacity, which is covered in the next section.
| Feature | Underarm Crutches | Forearm Crutches |
|---|---|---|
| Height Range | 48-60 inches | 29-35 inches |
| User Height | 4’8" – 6’8" | 5’0" – 6’2" |
| Key Measurement | 2-3 fingers below armpit | 1-2 inches below elbow |
| Primary Use | Short-term recovery | Long-term mobility |
Size and Weight Limits
The weight capacity of crutches varies depending on their material and design. Standard aluminum underarm crutches can support 250-300 pounds , while reinforced steel models can hold over 400 pounds . Meanwhile, forearm crutches generally have a lower weight capacity, ranging from 200 to 250 pounds .
Material Considerations: ISO standards require underarm pads to be 38mm thick . Additionally, all crutch tips must comply with ASTM F1637 slip resistance standards and have a 1.5-inch diameter for safety and stability .
Measuring for the Right Fit: Professionals use specific techniques to ensure proper sizing. For underarm crutches, they check hand pressure distribution and use the finger-width method. For forearm crutches, sizing is determined by measuring from the wrist to the floor .
Measuring and Adjusting Your Crutches
Taking Body Measurements
Getting the right fit for your crutches starts with accurate body measurements. Make sure you’re wearing the shoes you’ll normally use, as even a small heel difference (like 0.5 inches) can affect stability. For example, switching from 1-inch sneakers to 1.5-inch dress shoes means you’ll need to adjust your crutches by 0.5 inches .
Here’s what to measure:
- Your height while wearing shoes
- Distance from your armpit to the floor
- Wrist position when standing naturally
Interestingly, nearly 70% of users need adjustments after their initial fitting . To help you get started, use this height-to-crutch-length guide:
| User Height | Crutch Length |
|---|---|
| Below 5’1" | 37.4" |
| 5’1"-5’5" | 40.55" |
| 5’5"-5’9" | 41.73" |
| Above 5’9" | 42.72" |
These measurements are just the starting point for setting up your crutches properly.
Setting Crutch Height and Grip
Adjusting your crutches involves two key steps: setting the overall height and positioning the handgrip. Start by adjusting the height, making sure your shoulders stay level and relaxed.
For handgrip positioning, keep these points in mind:
- Your wrists should stay neutral when bearing weight.
- Your shoulders should feel relaxed, not lifted .
If adjustments are off, it can lead to issues like these:
| Grip Position | Health Impact | Pain Location | Fatigue Onset |
|---|---|---|---|
| Too High | Carpal tunnel syndrome | Forearm flexors | 15-20 minutes |
| Too Low | Wrist hyperextension | Extensor tendons | 30-45 minutes |
To maintain stability and comfort, check all adjustment mechanisms weekly . Feeling fatigued within 30 minutes of use? That’s often a sign you need to tweak the grip height.
How to Properly Adjust or Fit Your Crutches
Common Sizing Errors to Avoid
Even with accurate measurements, mistakes in crutch adjustments are surprisingly common. According to Alberta Health Services, 68% of first-time users make errors that could lead to harm when adjusting their crutches . Let’s break down the most frequent issues and how to address them.
Problems with Wrong Crutch Height
Adjusting crutches to the wrong height can result in both immediate discomfort and long-term complications. If the crutches are positioned less than 2 inches below the armpits, users risk developing "crutch palsy", a condition that causes hand numbness due to pressure on the axillary nerve .
| Height Issue | Health Risk |
|---|---|
| Too High | Axillary nerve damage |
| Too Low | 37% increased fall risk |
| Uneven | Spinal misalignment |
Here’s an example: A 28-year-old patient using poorly adjusted crutches experienced a 15° increase in thoracic spine curvature within just six weeks of use .
Grip and Tip Position Mistakes
Grip Height Issues
Incorrect handgrip placement can make movement much harder. When grips are set too low, users may experience a 15° wrist hyperextension, which increases carpal tunnel pressure by 42%, and raises energy use by 23% during movement .
Tip Placement Errors
Crutch tips need to be positioned correctly for stability. The ideal placement is:
- 6 inches forward from your toes
- 6 inches out to the side while standing
Studies on mobility aids found that proper tip spacing reduces lateral sway by 58% compared to incorrect placements .
To ensure proper alignment, follow these steps:
- Confirm crutch tips are directly below the handgrips.
- Test stability by shifting weight in a controlled manner.
- Check elbow positioning while bearing weight.
These adjustments are key to improving both comfort and safety during use.
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Sizing for Specific Users
While general sizing guidelines work for most people, certain groups need extra attention to avoid the common issues mentioned earlier.
Children’s and Heavy-Duty Crutches
Pediatric Sizing Needs
Children aged 4-12 require crutches tailored to their growing bodies, using key measurements like wrist-to-floor distance and elbow angle . Here’s a breakdown of sizing:
| Age Group | Height Range | Crutch Length |
|---|---|---|
| 4-7 years | 3’6" – 4’2" | 24-36" |
| 8-10 years | 4’3" – 4’8" | 37-48" |
| 11-12 years | 4’9" – 5’2" | 49-54" |
For example, the Mobileg Junior series offers a 12-inch height adjustment range, compared to the standard 8-inch range in adult models . This flexibility ensures the crutches can accommodate growth, something standard adult models can’t handle.
Heavy-Duty Requirements
Heavy-duty crutches need to handle greater weight and stress. Key features include:
- Thicker aluminum frames with 0.095-inch walls
- Larger rubber tips (1.5 inches or more)
- Reinforced joint connectors for durability
Short-Term vs. Extended Use
Short-Term Use
For those using crutches for less than two weeks, basic adjustability is usually sufficient .
Extended Use Needs
For users needing crutches for longer periods, additional adjustments become important:
- For use beyond six weeks, increase elbow bend to 35-45°, switch to contoured handgrips, and replace standard tips with wider, shock-absorbing ones .
- For daily use exceeding four hours, physical therapists recommend 15° angled footplates to improve push-off mechanics .
Keeping Crutches in Good Shape
Ensuring your crutches stay in top condition requires more than just proper sizing at the start. Regular upkeep is key to maintaining support and avoiding safety issues. In fact, research from the American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation shows that consistent maintenance can cut crutch-related accidents by up to 60% . It also helps preserve the alignment achieved with proper sizing.
This is especially important for those who rely on crutches for extended periods.
Checking Parts and Tips
Inspecting your crutches regularly can catch potential problems before they affect performance or safety. Build a simple routine focusing on these key areas:
| Component | What to Check | Replacement Timing |
|---|---|---|
| Crutch Tips | Look for wear, cracks, or grip loss | Replace every 3-6 months |
| Hand Grips | Check for tears, looseness, or compression | Replace every 6-12 months |
| Height Mechanisms | Ensure secure locking and smooth adjustment | Check monthly |
| Bolts & Screws | Tightness and signs of rust | Tighten monthly |
Daily Quick Check: Before using your crutches, look at the tips for wear and make sure all parts feel secure. Even a slightly worn tip can lower the crutch height by 0.6 cm, which can throw off your walking posture .
Weekly Thorough Inspection: Cleaning your crutches weekly can help maintain grip and overall condition. Studies show users with maintenance kits keep their crutches in better shape by 40% . This helps maintain the critical 5 cm gap under the armpit and the 20-30° elbow bend needed for safe use.
When to Readjust Your Crutches
Sometimes, physical or environmental changes mean your crutches need to be readjusted.
Key Times to Check Fit:
- After gaining or losing 10+ pounds
- When switching to shoes with different heel heights
- If your muscle strength changes significantly
- Every 3-6 months for long-term users
Seasonal Adjustments: In snowy winters, crutch tips wear out 30% faster . Consider using ice-specific tips during winter and checking your crutches more often during seasonal changes.
To keep your crutches in good condition, store tools like Allen wrenches, measuring tape, and spare parts. These simple habits ensure your crutches stay safe and effective for everyday use.
Summary
This guide highlights the key steps for proper crutch sizing, focusing on three essential measurements:
- Position crutch tips 5-8 inches away from the feet to maintain balance .
- Ensure safety by checking armpit clearance, elbow angle, and tip placement .
Research indicates that improper crutch sizing leads to over 11,000 emergency room visits each year in the U.S. . Correctly sized crutches can lower the risk of falls by 30% , as they ensure weight is supported by the hands rather than the armpits.
| Usage Type | Sizing Focus | Adjustment Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Short-term | Comfort and basic fit | Weekly check |
| Long-term | Fit and durability | Monthly assessment |
Different crutch styles require specific attention:
- Underarm crutches: Prioritize armpit clearance and proper grip height .
- Regular checks are essential to maintain support and prevent issues.
FAQs
Are there different sizes of crutches?
Yes, crutches come in various sizes to suit different users. Here’s a quick breakdown:
Adult Models:
- Standard aluminum crutches can handle 250-300 lbs (113-136 kg).
- Heavy-duty versions, built with reinforced frames, support 500-600 lbs (227-272 kg).
Pediatric Models:
- Designed for kids and smaller adults, these adjust between 36-52 inches and typically support up to 250 lbs (113 kg) .
| Crutch Type | Weight Capacity |
|---|---|
| Standard Aluminum | 250-300 lbs (113-136 kg) |
| Heavy-Duty | 500-600 lbs (227-272 kg) |
| Pediatric | 250 lbs (113 kg) |
Different crutch styles cater to specific mobility needs:
Underarm Crutches: These are the most commonly prescribed type .
Forearm (Lofstrand) Crutches: Ideal for those needing long-term support .
It’s essential to ensure your crutches are correctly fitted to provide proper support. For tips on maintaining your crutches, check out the ‘Keeping Crutches in Good Shape’ section above.